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History and facts:

The beginning of settlements existed on the site of Warsaw in 10th and 11th centuries. At the turn of the 13th century the city grew around present Royal Castle, where dukes of Mazovia had their residence. Soon the city of Warsaw was founded. In the 15th century it became the capital of the duchy of Mazovia and during the 16th century its political importance grew rapidly, mainly because the city was situated in the centre of the country. After 1569 the Seyms of Polish Kingdom took place and since 1573 Warsaw became the place of Polish royal elections. In 1596 the king Sisigmund III decided to move the royal residency and main city boards from Cracow to Warsaw and the city became the capital of the federation of the Polish Kingdom. After the partitions Warsaw was the centre of fighting for national liberation. During World War II the city was subjected to systematic destruction. Because of war actions Warsaw was demolished up to 90% and the city lay in ruins. It was reconstructed with veneration after 1945 and all salvaged parts were incorporated.

Today this is the country and region capital with the biggest population (about 1,614,000) and the largest area (495 km2). It is a great political, scientific, cultural and economic centre. The most important airport in Poland - Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport - is located in here. One of the main communication junctions with international routes: no. 7 (E77), no. 2 (E30), no. 8 (E67). The biggest domestic railway communication junction.

Location:

Warsaw lies in the centre of Masovian lowland, where th Vistula valley expands and joins with Warsaw valley of the rivers - Narwia and Bug. It has a patricular importance because of areas legally protected. The city is located near the Kampinos National Park. It is embellished with plenty of gardens near the city centre: Krasiński, Saski Gardens. Surrounded with large forests and park areas, i.a. Bielański, Młociński and Kabacki Gardens as well as Wawer Forests together with nature reserves. Lots of tourists visit the most popular palace and garden complexes of Łazienki and Wilanów.

Architecture:

Warsaw has a lot of historical places worth seeing beginning from the oldest monuments of Old Town - included on the UNECSO's World Heritage List in 1980 - throughout numerous palaces and manor houses, ending with churches, memorials and cemeteries.