London - is the largest urban area and the capital of England and United Kingdom. An important settlement for two millennia, London's history goes back to its founding by the Romans. Since its settlement, London has been part of many important movements and phenomena throughout history, such as the English Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the Gothic Revival. The city's core, the ancient City of London, still retains its limited medieval boundaries; but since at least the 19th century the name "London" has also referred to the whole metropolis which has developed around it. Today the bulk of this conurbation forms the London region of England and the Greater London administrative area,with its own elected mayor and assembly. London has a temperate marine climate, like much of the British Isles, so the city rarely sees extremely high or low temperatures (such as heat wave of 2003 and the cold wave of 2006). Summers are warm with average high temperatures of 23°C and lows of 14°C, however, temperatures could exceed 25°C on many days. Winters in London are chilly, but rarely below freezing with temperatures around 2 - 8°C, while spring has mild days and cool evenings.

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